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Acid Rain Retirement Fund
The Acid Rain Retirement Fund (A.R.R.F) is an all-volunteer, non-profit environmental educational organization dedicated to reducing pollution by purchasing and “retiring” marketable sulfur dioxide emissions allowances issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Acid Rain Program. A.R.R.F. was created in 1995 and purchased its first allowances in that year. A.R.R.F. provides citizens with information about access to pollution markets, along with the ability to directly prevent pollution.
A.R.R.F is one of only four organizations listed on the home page of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Clean Air Markets as purchasing allowances to take them off the market. 〔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Airmarkets, http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/trading/buying.html#groups (12/30/08 )〕 None of the major national environmental groups are listed there. A.R.R.F. is incorporated in the State of Maine as a nonprofit educational organization.
==Marketable emissions allowances==
Pursuant to the Clean Air Act of 1990,〔Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, 42 ''U.S. Code'' §7651 et seq.〕 each year in March the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency auctions off to the highest bidder about 250,000 pollution allowances that enable companies to emit one ton of sulfur dioxide. Those companies face statutory penalties of $2,000/ton for every ton of sulfur dioxide they emit in excess of those for which they own allowances.〔Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, 42 ''U.S. Code'' §7651j.〕 Emissions allowances are bought and sold daily through the Chicago Board of Trade like soybeans, rice or any other commodity. Only a limited number of allowances are available each year. After those allowances are used, no more can be issued. The Acid Rain Retirement Fund raises money and bids alongside polluters in the annual auctions for as many allowances as their funds can buy. But instead of using or trading them, A.R.R.F. retires them permanently, taking allowances off the market and keeping sulfur dioxide out of the air. Thus, every pollution allowance A.R.R.F. removes from circulation prevents that pollution from being legally emitted into the air.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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